The intermediate-weight hydrocarbons (pentane through decane) exist as volatile liquids at atmospheric conditions. These are the primary components of liquefied petroleum gas, or LPG.

Propane (C3H8), butane (n-C4H10 and i-C4H10), and heavier hydrocarbons may be extracted from the gas system and liquefied for transportation and storage. Methane and ethane exist as gases at atmospheric conditions. Natural gas systems are composed primarily of the lighter alkane series of hydrocarbons, with methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) comprising 80% to 90% of the volume of a typical mixture. Phase diagrams illustrate the phase that a particular substance will take under specified conditions of pressure, temperature, and volume. Pure substance (single-component systems),.One needs to know the phase or phases that exist at given conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature so as to determine the corresponding energy level, to do this we need to study the phase diagram or phase behavior, but first we have to separate components into three classifications: Additional energy will cause the liquid to vaporize. Our primary concern in this section is the difference in energy level between phases.Įnergy is added to melt a solid to form a liquid.

Vapor molecules possess more energy than liquids (very active) and are less dense than liquids. Vapors do not have a definite volume or shape and will fill a container in which they are placed. By virtue of the energy, there is more space between molecules, and liquids are less dense than solids. Liquid molecules possess more energy than a solid (allows movement from place to another). Liquids assume the shape of the container but will not necessarily fill that container. Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. They are composed of molecules with very low energy that stay in one place even though they vibrate. Solids have a definite shape and are hard to the touch. The matter has three phases, the simplest example is water. Phase defines any homogeneous and physically distinct part of a system that is separated from other parts of the system by definite bounding surfaces: Prediction and Inhibition of Gas Hydrates Bookīasics of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Industry Bookīefore studying the separation of gases and liquids, we need to understand the relationship between the phases.

Fundamentals of Oil and Gas Processing Book

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